1. DHCP Secondary Pool Configuration 구성도
1) DHCP Secondary Pool Configuration 구성도
- DHCP 기본 개념, DHCP 동작 과정, DHCP Relay Agent 동작 과정, DHCP Basic Configuration, DHCP Relay Agent Configuration을 먼저 학습하는 것을 권고
- DHCP 서버의 Pool에서 할당할 수 있는 IP Address가 없을 때 Secondary Pool을 사용하여 IP Address 할당 가능
2) 테스트 장비
- Emulator : EVE-NG
- OS : Cisco IOL I86BI_LINUXL2-ADVENTERPRISEK9-M, Version 15.1c
2. DHCP Secondary Pool Configuration
1) Relay Agent Interface IP Address Configuration
더보기
< Loopback Interface IP Address 구성 >
RELAY-AGENT(config)#interface lo0
RELAY-AGENT(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
RELAY-AGENT(config-if)#no shutdown
< e0/2 Interface IP Address 구성 >
RELAY-AGENT(config)#interface e0/2
RELAY-AGENT(config-if)#no switchport
RELAY-AGENT(config-if)#ip address 1.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
< VLAN 생성 >
RELAY-AGENT(config)#vlan 10
RELAY-AGENT(config-vlan)#name VLAN10
< Interface에 VLAN Bidning >
RELAY-AGENT(config)#interface e0/0
RELAY-AGENT(config-if)#switchport mode access
RELAY-AGENT(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
RELAY-AGENT(config-if)#no cdp enable
RELAY-AGENT(config)#interface e0/1
RELAY-AGENT(config-if)#switchport mode access
RELAY-AGENT(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
RELAY-AGENT(config-if)#no cdp enable
< VLAN Interface에 IP Address 구성 >
RELAY-AGENT(config)#interface vlan 10
RELAY-AGENT(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
RELAY-AGENT(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 secondary
RELAY-AGENT(config-if)#no shutdown
- Priamry IP Address와 Secondary IP Address를 설정
2) DHCP Server Interface IP Address Configuration
더보기
< Loopback Interface IP Address 구성 >
DHCP-SERVER(config)#interface lo0
DHCP-SERVER(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
DHCP-SERVER(config-if)#no shutdown
< e0/0 Interface IP Address 구성 >
DHCP-SERVER(config)#interface e0/0
DHCP-SERVER(config-if)#no switchport
DHCP-SERVER(config-if)#ip address 1.1.2.2 255.255.255.0
DHCP-SERVER(config-if)#no shutdown
3) DHCP Server Routing Configuration
DHCP-SERVER(config)#ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.2.1
DHCP-SERVER(config)#ip route 20.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.2.1
- Relay Agent 장비에서 DHCP 메시지를 Broadcast→Unicast로 변경하여 서버로 전송하면 서버는 Relay Agent의 Downlink IP Address로 DHCP 메시지를 전송해야 하므로 라우팅 정보가 필요
4) DHCP Relay Agent Configuration
RELAY-AGENT(config)#interface vlan 10
RELAY-AGENT(config-if)#ip helper-address 1.1.2.2 ## 해당 인터페이스로 DHCP 메시지 수신 시, 설정한 IP Address(DHCP Server)로 전송
5) DHCP Pool Configuration
< DHCP Pool 구성 >
DHCP-SERVER(config)#ip dhcp pool POOL-10
DHCP-SERVER(dhcp-config)#network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0
DHCP-SERVER(dhcp-config)#network 20.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 secondary
DHCP-SERVER(config-dhcp-subnet-secondary)#override default-router 20.0.0.1
DHCP-SERVER(dhcp-config)#default-router 10.0.0.1
DHCP-SERVER(dhcp-config)#lease 0 0 5
< DHCP Pool에서제외할 IP Range 구성 >
DHCP-SERVER(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.253
DHCP-SERVER(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 20.0.0.1 20.0.0.253
- 테스트를 위해 각 Pool에서 하나의 IP Address만 할당되도록 "excluded-address"를 구성
6) CLIENT-1 DHCP Enable
CLIENT-1(config)#interface e0/0
CLIENT-1(config-if)#no switchport
CLIENT-1(config-if)#ip address dhcp
CLIENT-1(config-if)#no shutdown
CLIENT-1#show ip interface brief e0/0
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Ethernet0/0 10.0.0.254 YES DHCP up up
- CLIENT-1 장비는 DHCP를 사용하여 10.0.0.254 IP Address를 할당
7) CLIENT-2 DHCP Enable
CLIENT-2(config)#interface e0/0
CLIENT-2(config-if)#no switchport
CLIENT-2(config-if)#ip address dhcp
CLIENT-2(config-if)#no shutdown
- Relay Agent에서 "Gateway IP Address"필드에 Primary IP Address만 채워 전송
- Relay Agent는 Source-IP를 Primary IP Address로 구성하며 DHCP 서버는 Destination-IP는 IP Address를 할당할 네트워크에 해당하는 Secondary IP Address로 구성
8) DHCP CLIENT-1 확인
CLIENT-1#show ip interface brief e0/0
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Ethernet0/0 10.0.0.254 YES DHCP up up
CLIENT-1#show dhcp server
DHCP server: ANY (255.255.255.255)
Leases: 2
Offers: 1 Requests: 2 Acks : 2 Naks: 0
Declines: 0 Releases: 0 Query: 0 Bad: 0
Subnet: 255.255.255.0
CLIENT-1#show dhcp lease
Temp IP addr: 10.0.0.254 for peer on Interface: Ethernet0/0
Temp sub net mask: 255.255.255.0
DHCP Lease server: 1.1.2.2, state: 5 Bound
DHCP transaction id: 19BF
Lease: 300 secs, Renewal: 150 secs, Rebind: 259 secs
Temp default-gateway addr: 10.0.0.1
Next timer fires after: 00:00:15
Retry count: 0 Client-ID: cisco-aabb.cc03.7000-Et0/0
Client-ID hex dump: 636973636F2D616162622E636330332E
373030302D4574302F30
Hostname: CLIENT-1
9) DHCP CLIENT-2 확인
CLIENT-2#show ip route | begin Gateway
Gateway of last resort is 20.0.0.1 to network 0.0.0.0
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [254/0] via 20.0.0.1
20.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 20.0.0.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
L 20.0.0.254/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
CLIENT-2#show dhcp server
DHCP server: ANY (255.255.255.255)
Leases: 2
Offers: 1 Requests: 2 Acks : 2 Naks: 0
Declines: 0 Releases: 0 Query: 0 Bad: 0
Subnet: 255.255.255.0
CLIENT-2#show dhcp lease
Temp IP addr: 20.0.0.254 for peer on Interface: Ethernet0/0
Temp sub net mask: 255.255.255.0
DHCP Lease server: 1.1.2.2, state: 5 Bound
DHCP transaction id: 19ED
Lease: 300 secs, Renewal: 150 secs, Rebind: 259 secs
Temp default-gateway addr: 20.0.0.1
Next timer fires after: 00:02:09
Retry count: 0 Client-ID: cisco-aabb.cc03.d000-Et0/0
Client-ID hex dump: 636973636F2D616162622E636330332E
643030302D4574302F30
Hostname: CLIENT-2
10) DHCP SERVER 확인
DHCP-SERVER#show ip dhcp pool
Pool POOL-10 :
Utilization mark (high/low) : 100 / 0
Subnet size (first/next) : 0 / 0
Total addresses : 508
Leased addresses : 2
Excluded addresses : 506
Pending event : none
2 subnets are currently in the pool :
Current index IP address range Leased/Excluded/Total
0.0.0.0 10.0.0.1 - 10.0.0.254 1 / 253 / 254
20.0.0.1 20.0.0.1 - 20.0.0.254 1 / 253 / 254
DHCP-SERVER#show ip dhcp binding
Bindings from all pools not associated with VRF:
IP address Client-ID/ Lease expiration Type
Hardware address/
User name
10.0.0.254 0063.6973.636f.2d61. Nov 24 2024 03:16 PM Automatic
6162.622e.6363.3033.
2e37.3030.302d.4574.
302f.30
20.0.0.254 0063.6973.636f.2d61. Nov 24 2024 03:16 PM Automatic
6162.622e.6363.3033.
2e64.3030.302d.4574.
302f.30
11) Secondary Pool Renewal Message
- Source IP를 이미 할당받은 IP Address로 구성
- Unicast로 전송하므로 Relay Agent에서 재처리 과정 없이 DHCP 서버로 전송
12) Secondary Pool Release Message
CLIENT-2(config)#interface e0/0
CLIENT-2(config-if)#shutdown
- Source IP를 이미 할당받은 IP Address로 구성
- Unicast로 전송하므로 Relay Agent에서 재처리 과정 없이 DHCP 서버로 전송
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